... Moderating effect Mediating effect The nature of leadership involves the exercise of influence (Yukl, 2006) and can be described as a complex, multi-faceted form of performance that does not exist unless something happens (Mumford, 2011). This is the nature of leadership as a complex, multi-level...

... with a mediating effect of psychological capital on employee relation management. In contrast to human and social capital, psychological capital is concerned with individuals’ psychological strength, perceptions, attitudes toward work, and general outlook on life (Luthans et al., 2007). According...