... The findings suggest that governments of emerging economies should be aware that institutional reforms alone do not increase OFDI . Instead, it is the ability of firms to develop both non-traditional and traditional ownership advantages (OAs) that enhances OFDI . A limitation is that this study uses...

... 02 2018 27 06 2018 13 09 2018 16 10 2018 16 10 2018 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Internationalization E-Commerce Internalization advantages Location advantages Network advantages Ownership advantages...

... multinationals in consumer goods, this paper claims that, despite its richness, the eclectic paradigm, and in particular the concept of “ownership advantages,” needs to be revised and extended to take into account different levels of institutional analysis. For the eclectic paradigm to give a rounded view...

... as needed. In a similar vein, the growing number of sub‐categories of ownership advantages does not in itself provide greater clarity. Besides, the “correct” definition of what constitute O advantages is relative to the purpose for which it is being used. Eclectic paradigm Ownership advantages OLI...

...) studies. However, the costs of being a paradigm are reflected in Dunning’s efforts to include an ever‐expanding array of IB theories and phenomena under the OLI “big tent.” In this paper, we focus specifically on the O in the OLI paradigm, tracing the history of Dunning’s ownership advantages. We argue...

...Sarianna M. Lundan In this paper we examine three distinct types of ownership advantages, and argue that these are associated with three different kinds of limits to the growth of the firm. For some firms, the inability to regenerate its asset‐based advantages is critical, while for others...