Further Management Development of Executive MBA's: Expectancy Versus Justification

What makes managers choose to continue taking classes and seminars to further their management development? In the past twenty years, motivated and behavioural theory has been applied to the career decision‐making process in management development. Two approaches, expectancy theory and, to a lesser extent, justification processes have been investigated. The major difference between the two approaches is that expectancy theory suggests that managers are primarily forward‐looking in their careers and management development, whereas justification takes the position that managers attempt to make present career behaviours consistent with past career actions.