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Purpose

This study aims to introduce the concept of the “non-green triple threat” to examine the antecedents and outcomes of employees’ non-green behavioral intentions using the theory of planned behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-group analysis of structural equation modeling based on partial least squares was applied to data from manufacturing employees in Iran, Italy and India.

Findings

Non-green attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted non-green behavioral intention. This intention, in turn, positively influenced non-green behavior, knowledge sharing and work engagement. Furthermore, national culture moderated certain relationships.

Originality/value

By incorporating non-green employee behaviors, this research provides a broader view of how environmental attitudes, norms and control perceptions shape harmful environmental outcomes.

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