... might engage in opportunistic behavior against the franchisor’s interests. Consequently, I present the following: H2a. International expansion will be positively associated with the franchisor’s franchising experience. H2b. Intensity of international expansion...

... that some firms actually exploit the risks associated with international expansion to advantage (Frynas and Mellahi, 2003). Some firms are more tolerant for political risk or willing to take risks with an expectation of greater return by securing monopoly privileges and preferential access to scarce...

.... Findings The evidence indicates that international expansion may buffer a firm against fluctuations of demand in its home market and provide opportunities for growth. Difficulties faced by a later arrival from a developing country are greater than established rivals, and a developing country firm...