... dealing with environmental policy from government and business sectors cause high and growing transaction costs; in The Netherlands during 1990-2007, they represented an increase from 17 to 21 percent of all environment protection costs. Rapid, 14 percent average annual growth followed the shift from...

... and face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with a random sample of 153 farmers located in three major cattle producing regions across China. Findings – Several variables related to transaction costs (chiefly, in the form of negotiation costs and monitoring costs), as well as socio‐economic factors, were...