... Literacy Large-scale assessment Interviewers Data analysis Data fabrication The impetus for large-scale assessments has always been the desire to collect reliable, valid and comparable information about the skills possessed by a population to better understand how those skills are related...

..., to be able to deal properly with the issue. Especially, no socio‐economic data had been collected systematically and publicly available at pupil level. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2010 Portugal Secondary schools Performance measures Data analysis If one assumes, like Drucker...