... in heterogeneous multi-agent systems. The purpose of this paper is to achieve distributed output tracking control under these constraints. Design/methodology/approach An adaptive distributed observer using single adaptive and local static gains estimates leader’s output. A feedback-feedforward control policy...

... for collaboration among different types of agents has become increasingly imperative. Consequently, this trend has necessitated the emergence of heterogeneous multi-agent systems. In such systems, agents are no longer characterized by a single unified model; instead, they are described by different dynamics...