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According to ESA, the European Space Agency, “satellite records show a constant downward trend in the area covered by Arctic sea ice during all seasons, but in particular in summer. The past six years have seen the lowest summer ice extent in three decades, reaching the lowest last September at about 3.61 million sq km” (European Space Agency, n.d.). In a time of a changing and/or warming climate, the science of paleoclimatology often is overshadowed by more technical measurements. However, using natural sources for climate research, paleoclimatology – tree rings, ice cores, corals, and ocean and lake sediments...

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