... is the fringe visibility which depends on the coupling level from the external cavity back into the laser, L(t) is the length of external cavity and λ is the central lasing wavelength in air. Vibration analysis Self-mixing interferometry Laser doppler velocimetry Optical instruments...

... their own in‐house turbidity monitoring system with flexible sensitivity. Optical instruments Condition monitoring Process monitoring Design Near infrared Turbidimeter Turbidity is the measurement of the reduction in water clarity or commonly referred to “cloudiness” as perceived by human...

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... , H. (2006), “ Metallic photonic crystals based on solution‐processible gold nanoparticles ”, Nano Letters , Vol. 6 No. 4 , p. 651 . Christine Connolly can be contacted at: Christine@stalactite.org.uk © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2008 Optical instruments Flow...

... by some football event! © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2006 Visual programming Trade fairs Optical instruments Inspection When the organisers of the “Control” exhibition in Sinsheim, Germany decided to anglicise the German “Kontrolle” they probably did not realise that the better...

... of NIR spectroscopy outside the confines of the laboratory. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Optical instruments Food industry Inspection Near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the examination of food and drink. Researchers have shown that it can detect fungal...

... pixels, each 5 μm², and a 320 MHz output data rate, allowing it to scan up to 44,000 lines per second. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Image processing Cameras Optical instruments References Duparré , J. , Schreiber , P.  et al...

... proposes a non‐electrical approach. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2005 Flow Measurement Optical instruments Most of recent research on biomedicine, micro‐machined lab‐on‐chip sensors, and in‐vivo medical applications face the problem that if flow sensing is required, standard...

... systems and organs Ageing (biology) Optical instruments Sensors The biologist co‐author had a requirement to measure the density of porous dingo teeth, in order to establish the validity of using the relationship between tooth density and age to estimate the age of the animal. Skulls containing...

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