...; political cartoons; teaching and learning; class discussion; criticality; expressivity suggestions and age-specific recommendations Introduction are not surprising when considering the research literature surrounding the classroom role for While educational researchers and historians have examined...

...J. H. Bickford To best challenge students’ thinking, researchers and educators must locate or create innovative ways to spark enthusiasm and facilitate criticality. This paper investigates how middle school students analyzed various primary and secondary historical documents to construct original...