...Leigh Ann Fish Purpose This paper argues for greater intentionality in the design of field trips within K-12 education, particularly in urging attention to cultural responsiveness and anti-bias curriculum. Such experiences deepen student learning, support and affirm identity, and promote empathy...

... and methodological criteria. The Language-Content-Task (LCT) Framework informed the coding and analysis of the results. Discussion of the findings provides three primary implications: (1) the need for linguistically and culturally responsive instruction for ELLs in social studies classes, (2) the need for increased...