... (n = 2,003) in Germany in October 2024. Respondents faced three simple everyday scenarios. Findings One third of participants believe data processing consent forms require a handwritten signature, though the General Data Protection Regulation, introduced in 2016, does not state so...

... The empirical analysis is based on survey responses of a random sample of 17,012 individuals residing in Germany. Findings Ordinal logistic regression analysis suggests that citizens with low use levels of public e-service offerings are most likely younger male persons with low levels of computer literacy...

... in Germany – applying for premium rate service numbers at the German Federal Network Agency – is taken as an example to demonstrate that laws and rules define processes for those who want to use them. A novel formal process language is used to verify whether applicants' processes fulfil these constraints...