Variations in ecosystem service value in response to land use changes in the upper water source of Beijing and Tianjin-take Chengde as example Available to Purchase

Land use changes significantly impacts ecosystem services and functions. The estimation of ecosystem services value is conducive to clarifying the ecological changes in response to LULC changes due to urbanization. Chengde was the upper water source of Beijing and Tianjin, the ecosystem is very fragile. After a series of ecology conservation projects like "returning cropland to forestry", the ecosystem service value increased from 5100.17 x 10⁷ Yuan in 1990 to 5104.08 x 10⁷ Yuan in 2008 respectively, with the average increase of 2.3 x 10⁶ Yuan per year. It is indicated that ecosystem service value has the potential to inform policy decisions by emphasizing the benefits of sustainable ecosystem management. So plans on land use management should be made to maintain a balance between urbanization and ecosystem health.