This review aims to explore the latest hybrid cooling strategies for lithium-ion batteries that use liquid cooling plates, phase change materials (PCMs) and nano-enhanced PCMs. Despite the importance of this field, more comparisons between newest studies are still needed to clarify their agreements, gaps and design implications.
Given the significance of this research area, this study begins with a profound investigation of the battery types used in fully electric and hybrid systems. It then provides a detailed analysis of research addressing the most critical challenges of lithium-ion batteries in such applications, particularly overheating, a leading cause of fires and severe accidents. Building on this foundation, the study analyzes and compares the findings of key studies on advanced solutions aimed at mitigating these risks and enhancing the overall performance and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries.
Studies show that lithium-ion battery safety depends on efficient thermal management. Liquid cooling plates are shown to be effective in maintaining temperature uniformity across cells. The integration of PCMs offers passive protection against thermal runaway, while nano-enhanced PCMs further improve thermal conductivity and stability. Combining these strategies within BTMS provides a promising pathway for enhanced performance, safety and reliability of battery systems in energy applications.
The review examines findings on hybrid cooling systems that combine PCM with nanoparticles and liquid cooling plates for lithium-ion batteries. It provides a practical framework for developing safer, more efficient thermal management solutions for high-energy battery applications.
