This study investigates how and when digital twins (DTs) adoption translates into operational performance.
Using survey data from 417 Chinese manufacturing firms, mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted to examine agile manufacturing as a capability mechanism and supply chain transparency as a boundary condition.
The results show that DTs adoption improves operational performance through agile manufacturing. However, this capability pathway becomes weaker as supply chain transparency increases.
By integrating dynamic capabilities theory and information processing theory, this study reconceptualizes DTs adoption as a dynamic organizational capability and reveals the contingent nature of DTs-enabled value creation under varying levels of supply chain transparency.
