... in this paper. 26 06 2025 03 09 2025 12 09 2025 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Agri-food Agricultural product live E-commerce Groundedness Scale development Grounded theory 2024 Provincial Undergraduate...

... Licensed re-use rights only Farmer perception Organized retail chains Supermarkets Emerging supply chains Buyer–seller relationship Scale Development Agricultural marketing in developing nations like India is distinct from the developed nations like the USA. It involves small...

... Organic food consumption experience Scale development AHP method Survey Structure/anti-structure theory Function/anti-function theory With the COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in 2020, consumers have paid more attention to the food they eat, which has triggered changes in consumer’s eating...

... Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) Sustainable meat consumption intentions (SMCI) SmartPLS Meat curtailment Scale development Emerging economy The production and consumption of meat are associated with negative externalities (Bonnet et al., 2020). Livestock farming disproportionally...

.../approach Development and validation of the scale involved a five-stage process. Data were collected from 430 customers of a QSR belonging to an international brand located in Barcelona. Surveys were applied immediately after the service encounter, using the face-to-face method. The scale development...

... scale development and scale adaptation studies are conducted, and measurement invariance of the scale for gender is analyzed. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the survey model among quantitative research methods. Scale development processes are used to assess the cognitive image...

... details, see Figure 1 . Figure 1 Scale development and validation The originality of this paper is addressed through: (1) Enhancing scales already validated in the literature covering general aspects of food production; (2) providing an opportunity to apply this scale in future food choice...

... and confirmatory factor analysis to test the theoretical factor structure and assess validity. Findings – The scale development procedure yielded five dimensions of destination food image: “food safety and quality,” “attractiveness of food,” “health benefits of food,” “food culture,” and “unique culinary...