Half Title Page
Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growth: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics within and Across Firms
Title Page
Global Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Growth: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics within and Across Firms
Edited by
Stavros Sindakis
American University in Dubai, UAE
Panagiotis Theodorou
Institute of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Education for Growth, Cyprus
United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
First edition 2018
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-78714-502-3 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-78714-501-6 (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-78714-951-9 (Epub)
ISSN: 1479-3512 (Series)
Contents
| List of Tables | ix |
| List of Figures | xi |
| List of Contributors | xvii |
| Chapter 1: Introduction Stavros Sindakis and Panagiotis Theodorou | 1 |
| Section A Coopetition, Entrepreneurial Internationalization, and Business Development | |
| Chapter 2: Effectuated Innovation Process in Entrepreneurial Firms: A Conceptual Model Jacky F. L. Hong and Xi Zhao | 11 |
| Chapter 3: A Time Use Perspective on Entrepreneurial Initiatives in the Multinational Enterprise Christopher Williams and Wendelien van Eerde | 31 |
| Chapter 4: Business Model Used in Companies Representing Creative Industries Mieczysław Morawski | 55 |
| Chapter 5: Entrepreneurial SMEs Surviving in the Era of Globalization: Critical Success Factors Hee Song Ng and Daisy Mui Hung Kee | 75 |
| Chapter 6: Hidden Champions from Small Catching-Up Country: Leveraging Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Capabilities and Global Networks Monika Petraite and Vytaute Dlugoborskyte | 91 |
| Chapter 7: “Internet of Things” Firms and New Patterns of Internationalization Valerio Veglio | 123 |
| Chapter 8: Coopetition through International Luxury Brand Licensing: Burberry in Japan Kenichi Ohkita | 143 |
| Section B Knowledge Flows and Coopetitive Entrepreneurship for Organizational Sustainability | |
| Knowledge Dynamics and Flows for Organisational Performance | |
| Chapter 9: Coopetition and Knowledge Dynamics: Knowledge Creation and Management for Growth Stavros Sindakis, Sakshi Aggarwal and Panagiotis Theodorou | 165 |
| Chapter 10: Managing Coopetition in Knowledge-based Industries Frédéric Le Roy, Anne-Sophie Fernandez and Paul Chiambaretto | 187 |
| Chapter 11: Knowledge Dynamics and Resource Efficiency in International Business Relations Francesco Rizzi, Chiara Pellegrini and Niccolò Todaro | 199 |
| Chapter 12: Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage in Dyadic Coopetitive Alliances involving SMEs Tatbeeq Raza-Ullah and Jessica Eriksson | 229 |
| Chapter 13: External Knowledge Sources and Knowledge Integration Mechanisms for Organizational Performance: Evidence from Italian SMEs Daria Sarti | 253 |
| COOPETITIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES | |
| Chapter 14: Predicting Strategic Actions Across Industry Sectors: The Role of Intangible Dynamics G. Scott Erickson and Helen N. Rothberg | 275 |
| Chapter 15: University–Industry Interface: Open and Dynamic Business Models to Reduce Spin-offs Risk of Failure Angelo Corallo, Fabrizio Errico, Laura Fortunato, Maria Elena Latino and Marta Menegoli | 295 |
| Chapter 16: From Apps to Start-ups: Success Factors for New Entries in An Open Data Ecosystem Fotis Kitsios and Maria Kamariotou | 337 |
| Chapter 17: Accelerating Innovation in the UAE: The 3i Framework Alexandros Papaspyridis and Tatiana Zalan | 355 |
| Chapter 18: Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology-Driven Exports in Sub-Saharan Africa Simplice A. Asongu | 393 |
| Chapter 19: Digital Food Hubs as Disruptive Business Models Based on Coopetition and “Shared Value” for Sustainability in the Agri-food Sector Giaime Berti, Catherine Mulligan and Han Yap | 415 |
| Section C Politics, Ecology, and Social Scopes on Coopetition and Growth | |
| Chapter 20: World Trade Organization and Stimulating Innovation: An Outline Approach Towards Growth in the Chinese Market Panagiotis Theodorou | 441 |
| Chapter 21: Sustainability and Knowledge Dynamics in Entrepreneurial Growth: Evidence from Internationalizing Finnish SMEs Lasse Torkkeli, Maria Uzhegova, Hanna Salojärvi and Sami Saarenketo | 453 |
| Chapter 22: Building Green Growth and Entrepreneurship in the Pacific through Knowledge and Innovation Evanthie Michalena | 475 |
| Chapter 23: Discussing Practical and Educational Challenges in Teaching Circular Economy Helen Kopnina | 507 |
| Chapter 24: Conclusion Stavros Sindakis and Panagiotis Theodorou | 523 |
| About the Contributors | 529 |
| Index | 541 |
List of Tables
| 2.1 | Coopetitive Innovation Process and Relevant Contextual Condition | 17 |
| 2.2 | Effectuated Innovation Process | 23 |
| 3.1 | Selected Mainstream Theory and MNE Entrepreneurial Initiatives | 36 |
| 3.2 | Dimensions of Time Use Relevant to MNE Entrepreneurial Initiatives | 39 |
| 4.1 | HRM vs. HCM | 63 |
| 4.2 | Researched Companies: Selected Empirical Findings | 66 |
| 6.1 | Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Capabilities, and Network Based Factors Explaining the Formation of Hidden Champion | 102 |
| 6.2 | Patterns of Hidden Champion Formation, as Based on the Entrepreneurial, Organizational, and Networking Capabilities | 108 |
| 11.1 | Summary of Soft Factors Affecting Knowledge Dynamics in CE | 209 |
| 12.1 | Discriminant Validity Assessment: Constructs, Indicators, and Reliabilities | 242 |
| 12.2 | Mean, Standard Deviations, and Correlations (Fornell-Larcker Criterion) | 243 |
| 12.3 | HTMT Ratio | 244 |
| 12.4 | Structural Model Results | 245 |
| 13.1 | Response Rate and Effective Rate | 263 |
| 13.2 | Mean, Standard Deviation, and Correlation among Variables | 265 |
| 13.3 | Regression Analysis | 266 |
| 14.1 | Intangibles Hierarchy | 281 |
| 14.2 | Intangible Metrics by Industry Sector Related to Laboratory Testing | 284 |
| 15.1 | Four Model of Business Ecosystems Theorized by Nambisan and Sawhney (2007) | 304 |
| 15.2 | Number of Spin-Offs and Related Department of University of Salento | 307 |
| 15.3 | Sample of Analysis | 307 |
| 15.4 | Methods of Survey | 308 |
| 15.5 | Results Coming from Data Analysis | 311 |
| 15.6 | National and Regional Resulting Needs | 312 |
| 15.7 | Dyads and Triads of Topic Words and Related Sentiment | 317 |
| 15.8 | Problems Identified | 318 |
| 15.9 | Key Points Considered by Business Model | 319 |
| 15.10 | Details of Questionnaire Section | 323 |
| 17.1 | Infrastructure Metrics | 367 |
| 17.2 | Innovation Metrics | 374 |
| 17.3 | Metrics (GEM 2016/2017 Global Report) | 383 |
| 18.1 | Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology Goods Exports | 401 |
| 18.2 | Mobile Phone Innovation and Technology Service Exports | 403 |
| 21.1 | Descriptives and Intercorrelations of the Variables Used in the Analysis | 462 |
| 21.2 | Results of Testing for Internationalization Propensity | 462 |
| 21.3 | Results for Testing for Performance of International SMEs | 463 |
| 21.4 | Results for Testing for Moderation Effects in Performance of International SMEs | 464 |
| 21.5 | Company Alpha Descriptives | 467 |
| 22.1 | Why Kiribati Can Cope with GG Challenge | 491 |
List of Figures
| 3.1 | Social Structure and Pursuit of Opportunity within an MNE Entrepreneurial Initiative | 46 |
| 3.2 | Integrating Time Use into Theory of MNE Entrepreneurial Initiative | 47 |
| 4.1 | BM in CIS | 68 |
| 6.1 | Internal Factors Leading to Hidden Champion Formation (MAXQDA, Evidence from 13 Cases) | 105 |
| 6.2 | Dynamic of Entrepreneurial, Network, Organization, and Strategy Based Factors Defining the Hidden Champion (MAXQDA, Evidence from 13 Cases) | 106 |
| 6.3 | Observed Patterns of R&D Intensive Entrepreneurial Born Global Firms | 117 |
| 7.1 | Main Foreign Markets | 133 |
| 7.2 | Percentage of Foreign Sales | 134 |
| 7.3 | Entry Strategies | 135 |
| 9.1 | Coopetition Model and Collaborative Relationship | 168 |
| 9.2 | Coopetition Framework and Knowledge-Based Innovation Outcomes | 170 |
| 9.3 | The Knowledge-Creating Framework in Coopetition Ecology (9Cs) | 175 |
| 9.4 | Knowledge Types and Management | 181 |
| 10.1 | A Framework to Manage Coopetition | 194 |
| 11.1 | Term Map Based on “Circular Economy” | 207 |
| 12.1 | Research Model | 240 |
| 12.2 | Hypothesized Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage Interaction Plot (H2) | 245 |
| 13.1 | The External Knowledge Sources | 259 |
| 13.2 | The Research Framework: The Full-Mediation Effect of KIMs | 262 |
| 13.3 | Graphical Presentation of the Results: The Mediation Effect of KIMs | 266 |
| 15.1 | Research Methodology | 305 |
| 15.2 | Clustered Semantic Network | 313 |
| 15.3 | Polarized Semantic Network | 316 |
| 15.4 | The Proposed Framework | 322 |
| 15.5 | Application Methodology | 324 |
| 15.6 | Compiled Poster | 325 |
| 15.7 | Governance Framework of Business Ecosystem | 326 |
| 17.1 | Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) | 359 |
| 17.2 | KEI 2012: Benchmarking UAE | 360 |
| 17.3 | The 3i Innovation Framework | 362 |
| 20.1 | Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure (% of GDP) in China | 444 |
| 20.2 | Patent Applications (Both by Residents and Nonresidents) | 446 |
| 20.3 | Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (BoP, Current US$) | 447 |
Appendices
| Chapter 6 | |
| Appendix A: Pattern I – Global R&D Intensive Networker: Relations of Internal Factors | 121 |
| Appendix B: Pattern II – Superior Know-How Based Global Market Explorer: Relations of Internal Factors | 121 |
| Appendix C: Pattern III – Global R&D Intensive Innovator: Relations of Internal Factors | 122 |
| Appendix D: Pattern IV – Global Market-Oriented Value Creator: Relations of Internal Factors | 122 |
| Chapter 16 | |
| Table 16A1. Variables | 347 |
| Chapter 18 | |
| Appendix A: Definitions of Variables | 408 |
| Appendix B: Summary Statistics (2000–2012) | 409 |
| Appendix C: Correlation Matrix (Uniform Sample Size: 107) | 409 |
| Chapter 23 | |
| Appendix A: Climatex | 521 |
| Appendix B: Edible Spoons | 522 |
Emerald Books in Advanced Strategies in Entrepreneurship, Education, and Growth (E-Triangle)
Entrepreneurship, education, and ecology are three terms/concepts that are connected, combined, and interact strongly with one another. The expanded access to knowledge creates great academic and professional opportunities for those involved with it, and the existing strategies at various scientific levels improve or lead us to the formulation of new methods and applications.
The internationalization of education and the continuing education of young and older people throughout the free world, help improve efforts in finding applications, creation and sharing of knowledge in many scientific fields. The dynamics of knowledge in the creation, implementation, and sharing of this may bring benefits to education itself. The enrichment of the cognitive content has an impact on various scientific fields, but particularly those of interest at different times. As a result, strategies configured for the appropriate implementation and carrying out of planned ventures must be embraced by the academic literature. Two of the fields that interact through the rapid and rampant development of education are entrepreneurship and ecology. First of all, the development of entrepreneurship in recent decades, and the varying initiatives in innovation and technology by private and public entities require an ongoing involvement of people from the business world and academia. Entrepreneurship is created and preserved by individuals who assume the major risks regarding equity, time and/or career commitment or provide value for some product or service. The product or service may or may not be new or unique, but the entrepreneur must somehow infuse value by receiving and locating the necessary skills and resources efficiently and effectively. Considering the above, the role of education affects the entrepreneurial development because it provides entrepreneurs and theorists on entrepreneurship the proper data and material in order to proceed further in their business or theoretical ventures. Also, the field of entrepreneurship is affected by the ecological processes. The business activities and operations are resolutely adjusted to new situations, and enterprises are required to invest in new technologies and innovations so as to ensure adequate environmental sustainability under state supervision and legal restrictions. Global environmental change science is, therefore, a highly multidisciplinary effort, involving physical scientists who study climate, the oceans, the atmosphere, and geology, as well as biologists investigating physiology, evolution, and ecology.
Overall, this book series attempts to assess how, why and when knowledge and innovative strategies on the E-Triangle can enable, capture and identify critical success and failure factors in operating entrepreneurial procedures, detecting educational impacts on the business and environmental field, and designing ecological sustainability and preventing ecological damage respectively. In conclusion, as many countries, organizations, and individuals have adopted entrepreneurial, educational and ecological sensitivities for further improvement in the modern era, it is commonly observed that the E-Triangle is synthesised by multilateral interactions based on this E-multi-concept. In conclusion, the need for interpretation and accurate depiction of this triangular relationship, carry an additional need which requires the presentation of new strategies. These must cultivate and deliver future sustainable practices for a smooth coexistence and interaction between the E-Triangle terms.
This new publication aims at investigating, comparing, and contrasting theoretical and practical elements of business concepts and models which are acclimated to the dynamic changes of our modern era. This work is based on fundamental pillars which develop and characterize the evolving procedures within the business framework by describing and analyzing the current cooperative interactions among businesses. It also intends to explain the ways by which firms utilize their skills in knowledge management.
These are among the key questions framing policy and strategic decision-making at firm, industry, national, and regional levels. Contributions from researchers and practitioners in a wide variety of fields will connect and relate the relationships and inter-dependencies among (1) Innovation and Entrepreneurship, (2) Knowledge Management and Learning, (3) Organizational Sustainability and Growth, (4) Politics and Regulation, and (5) Economic, Technological and Social Development. We will consider whether innovation is demonstrated differently across sectors (e.g., health, education, technology) and disciplines (e.g., social sciences, physical sciences), with an emphasis on discovering emerging patterns, factors, triggers, catalysts, and accelerators to innovation, and their impact on future research, practice, and policy.
The chapters should offer various views on how knowledge, innovation and coopetition create opportunities for growth as well as how the forces of the business environment influence the strategic plans and prospects of firms, illustrating the importance of learning for organizational intelligence and entrepreneurial competitiveness.
Stavros Sindakis
Book Series Editor
List of Contributors
Dr Stavros Sindakis (Editor)
American University in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Panagiotis Theodorou (Editor)
Institute of Strategies, Entrepreneurship, and Education for Growth (iSEEG), Paphos, Cyprus
| Sakshi Aggarwal | Institute of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Education for Growth, Paphos, Cyprus |
| Simplice A. Asongu | African Governance and Development Institute, Yaoundé, Cameroon |
| Giaime Berti | School of Economics and Management, University of Florence, Florence, Italy |
| Paul Chiambaretto | Montpellier Business School and Ecole Polytechnique, Montpellier, France |
| Angelo Corallo | Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy |
| Vytaute Dlugoborskyte | Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania |
| G. Scott Erickson | Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA |
| Fabrizio Errico | Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy |
| Jessica Eriksson | Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden |
| Anne-Sophie Fernandez | University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
| Laura Fortunato | Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy |
| Jacky F. L. Hong | Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China |
| Maria Kamariotou | University of Macedonia, Greece |
| Daisy Mui Hung Kee | Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia |
| Fotis Kitsios | Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece |
| Helen Kopnina | Institute of Cultural Anthropology and Development Sociology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and The Hague University of Applied Science (HHS), The Hague, The Netherlands |
| Maria Elena Latino | Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy |
| Frederic Le Roy | University of Montpellier and Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France |
| Marta Menegoli | Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy |
| Evanthie Μichalena | Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia |
| Mieczysław Morawski | Wrocław University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland |
| Catherine Mulligan | Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK |
| Hee Song Ng | KDU Penang University College, George Town, Malaysia |
| Kenichi Ohkita | Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan |
| Alexandros Papaspyridis | Microsoft Mobile Device Sales, Microsoft, Singapore |
| Chiara Pellegrini | Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy |
| Monika Petraite | Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania |
| Tatbeeq Raza-Ullah | Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden |
| Francesco Rizzi | Department of Economics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy and Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy |
| Helen N. Rothberg | School of Management, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA |
| Sami Saarenketo | School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland |
| Hanna Salojärvi | School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland |
| Daria Sarti | University of Florence, Florence, Italy |
| Niccolò Todaro | Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy |
| Lasse Torkkeli | School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland |
| Maria Uzhegova | School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland |
| Wendelien van Eerde | University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
| Valerio Veglio | Bocconi University, Milan, Italy |
| Christopher Williams | Durham University Business School, UK |
| Wen Han Yap | Royal College of Art, London, UK |
| Tatiana Zalan | American University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Xi Zhao | Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China |
