Alexander, William M.

Commonly referred to as the “father of the middle school,” William “Bill” Alexander coined the term middle school in a 1963 speech, “The Junior High School: A Changing View,” given at Cornell University. That speech, addressing school administrators and aimed at examining the current and future directions of the junior high school movement, began a progressive movement in which Alexander called educators of young adolescents to action. Alexander believed the unique nature and developmental needs of 10–15 year olds warranted an educational structure different than elementary or high schools. Alexander’s proposed framework for middle schools stressed a number of important components, including a comprehensive program to address students’ varied needs, a developmentally responsive and flexible curriculum, and teachers specifically prepared to work with young adolescents.