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Significance
It consolidates and formalises a shift that has been underway, using examples of recent practice to present China’s new approach. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is presented as a key part of China’s development policy, alongside the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Impacts
Trilateral cooperation with developed country aid donors is affirmed, but China is unlikely to contribute money.
A new interest in cooperating on ‘governance’ suggests a willingness to support authoritarianism overseas.
The distinctions between aid, economic diplomacy and geostrategic competition will remain blurred, and may become more so.
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2021
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