Working and learning in groups

Activity in groups is a central feature of human social and work behaviour. Membership of a variety of groupings, both temporary and permanent, small and large, is characteristic of most life experiences. The valuable contribution that groups can make to both individual satisfaction and growth and to the effective performance of tasks has been recognised throughout history. However, the problems of work satisfaction which result from routine technologies, and those difficulties with effective management under complex and changing conditions have resulted in increased attention being given to group forms of work organisation at both the shop floor and at management level. The autonomous work groups, and project teams are examples of the use of groups in organisations. Group activities have also found their way increasingly into the learning situation at all educational levels, as limitations in the effectiveness of the conventional teaching and lecturing methods have been demonstrated. The ability to understand group processes and the development of skills to manage and participate in them, have assumed new importance with these developments in the use of groups.