... Dysfunctional leadership Toxic leadership When leaders are callous and mediocre in their behaviours, they prevent employees from dealing effectively with job challenges. Such leaders also make it difficult for employees to develop and be resilient at work, harming the future capability...

...Alejandro Rodriguez; Alvin Brown Purpose – This paper argues that “lack of leadership” is not an accurate descriptor for dysfunctional leadership. It proposes that some leaders fall into a type of dysfunctional performance when faced with the high and often conflicting organizational demands...