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Keywords: CPA scale
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Journal Articles
Consumer pandemic animosity: scale development and validation
Available to Purchase
Journal:
International Marketing Review
International Marketing Review (2022) 39 (6): 1417–1442.
Published: 01 September 2022
... the methodology used to develop the CPAS scale. The article concludes with a discussion of the main results, managerial implications and proposed future research. Studies have confirmed that animosity towards a country can have several negative effects, including a change in consumer perceptions of product...
