... PSO To lighten the burden, and reduce repetitive muscle injury and medical aid et al., the rigid lower limb exoskeleton (RLLE) was designed and manufactured by researchers (Mathew et al., 2023 ; Bogue, 2022). However, the traditional RLLE generally has the problem of human...

... with off-line by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. For achieving this off-line optimization in the simulation environment, very accurate dynamic model of SP which has more complicated dynamical characteristics is required. Therefore, the coupling dynamic model of multi-rigid-body system...

... The proposed method uses soft computing. In this approach, particle swarm optimization (PSO) estimator is used for the robot’s pose estimation and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy unscented Kalman filter (ANFUKF) is used for the feature location’s estimation. In ANFUKF, a neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) supervises...

.... PSO Mathematical modeling Land-yacht robot PID Wind-driven Wing sail k= system gain T= inertia time constant L = the delay time A= step signal input amplitude T= time X_i= ith particle...