... which university students engage with large language models (LLMs), mapping the systemic socio-technical mechanisms that shape, extend, or restrict the development of independent critical thinking skills. Design/methodology/approach Adopting an exploratory qualitative research paradigm, this study...

... the course in each cycle. Design/methodology/approach Using the community of inquiry framework as guidance and canonical action research (CAR) as the chosen research design, the discussion forum of the online course is assessed regarding its critical thinking value. We thereby measure critical thinking...