... systematically analyses 38 experimental and numerical studies concerning the effects of RAC replacement ratio, reinforcement type, and confinement systems on bond and splice behaviour. When fully replacing natural aggregate, RAC demonstrates a bonding capacity approximately 25% lower, primarily due...

... and masonry carbon footprint cement cementitious materials decentralised systems eco-friendly mortar bricks emissions hollow bricks pine needles reinforcement sustainability sustainable materials UN SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities This research did not receive any specific grant...