... environmental impact fire engineering thermal effects Karakoç (2013) tested the compressive strength of concretes made with expanded perlite aggregate and pumice aggregate. It was found that the compressive strength was higher after water cooling than after cooling under natural conditions or cooling...

... & geogrids thermal effects At a strain of 2%, the average secant stiffness of specimens MD was 3.0 kN/(m/strain%). The average secant stiffness of specimens 2MD was 5.3 kN/(m/strain%). The maximum tensile forces and the strains at the maximum tensile forces of specimens MD and 2MD satisfied...

..., reclamation & renovation thermal effects Under certain hygrometric conditions, building materials can become major targets of microbial growth (Verdier et al., 2014). The proliferation of microbial growth leads to degradation of materials and may lead to a deterioration of air quality...

... and percentage of PCMs is presented in Figure 2 . 23 04 2020 03 07 2020 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2020 concrete technology & manufacture sustainability thermal effects Global energy demand is increasing swiftly along with the rapid growth in urbanisation...

.... Definition of yield and ultimate strength points: (a) Eurocode 2 (CEN, 2004); (b) ASTM E 8/E 8M (ASTM, 2015) 11 02 2018 29 03 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 concrete structures strength & testing of materials thermal effects Steel and concrete...

... thermal effects Cellulose-based insulation materials, such as cereal straw, hemp, flax and wood fibre, reduce the total carbon impact of building projects by both reducing energy requirements in use and reducing net carbon emissions in manufacture (Sodagar et al., 2011...

.... Aggregate gradation recycling & reuse of materials strength & testing of materials thermal effects Glass is a non-metallic and inorganic material made by sintering selected raw materials; therefore, it can be neither incinerated nor decomposed. Glass recycling saves energy...

... resistance than the use of siliceous sand. materials technology sustainability thermal effects The energy consumption of the building sector represents ∼42% of global energy consumption (Park et al., 2013). In some countries, the building sector accounts for ∼45% of the primary energy...

... energy thermal effects Figure 1. Heat transfer mechanisms through the building material These complex heat transfer processes involve many components such as (Luikov, 1966 , 1980 ; Prakouras et al., 1978 ; Pratt, 1981) heat conduction in solid matrix/particles heat...

... & manufacture stress analysis thermal effects Finite-element analysis (FEA) in its present widely recognised form was first suggested by Courant (1943) , who has shown that the variational methods of Rayleigh (1896) and Ritz (1909) could potentially be put into wider theoretical use. Since...

... & masonry thermal effects In a series of previous studies, the authors of the current paper investigated and characterised the bond behaviour of near-surface-mounted (NSM) CFRP strip reinforcement applied to unreinforced masonry walls under both static monotonic and static cyclic loading at room...

... conservation materials technology thermal effects Humidity buffering occurs when porous building materials modify the relative humidity of indoor air, through absorption, storage and desorption of water vapour. This reduces the magnitude of relative humidity fluctuations in the same way that thermal...

..., more convinced and robust results are suggested. 22 07 2010 04 11 2010 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2012 energy conservation reviews thermal effects Typically, multi-foil insulation consists of several layers of reflective foil separated by other insulation...

... Publishing: All rights reserved 2011 buildings, structures & design concrete technology & manufacture thermal effects In hot countries, air-conditioning units can be operated for many hours every day in order to provide a comfortable internal temperature of approximately 22°C...

.... The PPC concrete exhibited better performance than PC concrete. 21 02 2007 18 02 2008 © 2008 Thomas Telford Ltd 2008 concrete technology & manufacture strength & testing of materials thermal effects Concrete is a widely used construction material in most modern...

... improvement in response to thermal cycling in comparison with non-air-entrained WSA concrete. 28 02 2007 24 10 2007 © 2008 Thomas Telford Ltd 2008 concrete structures recycling & reuse of materials thermal effects Many concrete structures such as nuclear and industrial...

... with conventional insulation materials, the VIP present five to seven times R-values, as can be seen in Table 1 . 02 07 2007 07 09 2007 © 2007 Thomas Telford Ltd 2007 buildings & structure design reviews thermal effects Buildings in use dominate energy consumption...