...Adam E. Nir Purpose Using a document analysis methodology, the study analyzes official policy documents produced by the centralized Israeli Ministry of Education and by the State Comptroller responsible for reviewing the Israeli government's policies and operations. Coordination is assessed using...

... Publishing Limited 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Malaysia Distributed leadership Centralization Educational reform The interest in, and support for, distributed leadership is predicated on the assumption that it will bring about beneficial effects that would...

... isomorphism. After reviewing the effectiveness of systemic reform initiatives in several states, the article concludes that education in the USA is moving toward a system of fragmented centralization in which policymakers have greater opportunity to craft more coherent, systemic education policy amidst...

... differences. During the twentieth century the Hong Kong authorities constructed a highly centralized system, which at the end of the century moved towards decentralization. In Macau, by contrast, government neglect led to an uncoordinated collection of imported systems. At the end of the century the Macau...

...John N. Hawkins China’s educational leaders have long debated the pluses and minuses of decentralization of control and resources of China’s vast educational enterprise. During various periods of post‐1949 China, the central authorities have devolved control to the provinces, key cities, and rural...

..., and job stability. The paper concludes with a conceptual model of the decentralization process and a series of “lessons learned” from the five nations. Colombia, from 1968 to the late 1980s, provides an interesting illustration of a country where a policy of centralization dramatically improved...

...Adam E. Nir Attempts to establish a distinction among echelons comprising a centralized national educational system by means of exploring their role perceptions of stress, tension, ambiguity risk and exposure to criticism. Statistical factors are computed and a discriminating procedure is executed...