...Jianmei Xu; Wei Lu Purpose This study examines the impact of a novel co-teaching approach, involving collaboration between university instructors and school teachers, on pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) understanding of classroom management skills, addressing the practical challenges that often exceed...

... and teachers perceived self-efficacy in classroom management, instruction, and student engagement, while controlling for several principal, teacher, and school characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The data employed in this study were both teacher- and school-level data sets obtained from...