...Lei Mee Thien; Philip Hallinger Purpose The study used complexity theory to examine direct and indirect linear and nonlinear relationships among principal instructional leadership, teacher professional learning and teacher self-efficacy. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study...

... leadership as a multi‐dimensional construct which is central in the current education reform agenda, rooted in accountability‐oriented policy of Hong Kong. It draws a number of implications for principal instructional leadership in Hong Kong Schools as they deal with demands for external accountability. ©...