... and indirectly, through teacher collaboration and professionalism. Teacher professionalism emerged as a stronger mediator than collaboration. Originality/value This study provides new insights that inclusive leadership is crucial in strengthening teacher commitment, particularly when it fosters collaborative...

... model was employed, utilizing data collected from 401 teachers in Türkiye and analyzed. Findings The findings reveal that neither gender nor seniority predicts teacher professionalism at the teacher level. However, at the school level, the findings demonstrate that instructional leadership affects...