Social equity is critical to sustainability, and accessibility is a growing issue in many public buildings and vital infrastructure. However, progress towards developing inclusive solutions within the built environment is slow. This study explores how different age and gender groups of frequent commuters experience inclusivity when moving within the public circulation environments within existing underground train stations. Aims are to develop (i) a deeper understanding of the interactions that impact critical customer touchpoints along the passenger journey within existing stations, (ii) synthesise observations with literature, and (iii) new ideas that could be refined and implemented in new studies. The first three stages of the Service design (SD) methodology were transferred (observation, synthesis and new idea). Observations, elicited using a five point Likert questionnaire, probed how vertical and horizontal circulations impact the passengers experience of inclusivity in London’s ‘Tube’ stations. The synthesis led to new ideas. New proxies were created to evaluate inclusivity (comfort, security, confidence, gentleness, and awareness). Vertical Severance described the difficulty of moving within complex deep stations. This research developed the notion that improving new stations could, could address social equity and inclusivity concerns by improving the passenger experience for everyone.
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2 March 2026
Research Article|
June 02 2025
Identifying metro user experience and inclusivity gaps using service design methods
John Harding
Member of Wolfson College,
University of Cambridge
, Cambridge, UK
and Royal Institute of British Architects
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Publisher: Emerald Publishing
Received:
March 24 2024
Accepted:
April 18 2025
Online ISSN: 1751-7680
Print ISSN: 1478-4629
© 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited
2025
Emerald Publishing Limited
Licensed re-use rights only
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability (2026) 179 (1): 30–46.
Article history
Received:
March 24 2024
Accepted:
April 18 2025
Citation
Harding J (2026), "Identifying metro user experience and inclusivity gaps using service design methods". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability, Vol. 179 No. 1 pp. 30–46, doi: https://doi.org/10.1680/jensu.24.00049
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