Achieving the Capacity and Competence to Manage

The differing levels of experience existing within career development require identification and differentiation in their training requirements. A model defining eight such levels, from initial training experience through to corporate and political experience, is useful, and some of the work based on the action learning format provides sound guidelines. Gordon Wills has demonstrated that such learning can be incorporated into a practical educational structure at postgraduate level through involving companies in sponsoring individuals to work on key projects as the central element in their learning. These directions must be considered in future so that management education and development might ally in helping managers effect the transition between managerial levels.