...Fenika Wulani; Marliana Junaedi Purpose This study investigates the relationship between passive leadership and deviant behaviors targeted to supervisors (supervisor-directed deviance) and coworkers (interpersonal deviance), and the moderating effect power distance and collectivism have...

... Organizational development Collectivism Outside the western context, researchers have found some unique characteristics of OCB (e.g. Farh et al., 1997, 2004 ; Kim, 2006 ; Paillé, 2009). After comparing OCB between western countries and Asian countries, Lam et al. (1999) found...

.... These competitive attitudes were also examined for their relationships with collectivism and pace of work. A good starting place to try to shed some light on the puzzling findings from the King et al. (1995) and Tang (1999) studies would be to take a “grounded approach” (Glaser and Strauss...