... The authors stress the importance of considering process as well as outcomes in patient and public involvement, and make practical recommendations for improving both in future programmes of research. Originality/value This is the first empirical evaluation of user and carer involvement and its development...

...Steve Gillard; Rhiannon Foster; Constantina Papoulias Purpose Patient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly central to the delivery of health services research. However, it has proved challenging to evaluate the impact of PPI on the implementation of research into clinical practice...