... and moderation analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings Core self-evaluations (CSE) significantly reduces employee silence, with occupational self-efficacy mediating this relationship. Employees with higher CSE demonstrate higher occupational self-efficacy, enabling them to overcome barriers...

... was moderated by core self-evaluation (CSE), such that low-CSE leaders benefit more from these behaviors. Practical implications Organizations should encourage ethical leadership behaviors and educate leaders to develop moral pride from conducting these behaviors. Leaders with low CSEs can enhance...

... consisted of two samples (n=312 and n=529) of employed adults. All participants completed online surveys containing the variables of interest. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – Low levels of core self-evaluation (CSE) predict...