... a “shield” environment, we propose: H2a. In a “shield” environment, permanent workers will experience higher levels of POS than temporary workers. Organizational policy Temporary workers Layoffs Contingency planning Since the Second World War the employment practices of many...

...). © MCB UP Limited 2001 Organizational policy Autonomy Values Individual behaviour Motivation It should be considered what makes Japanese workers less motivated. Individuals are motivated to work when they are provided with what they perceive as important (i.e. perceived importance...