... obligation (Shore et al., 2006). Employees interpret organizational actions, such as training, as indicative of the personified organization's commitment towards them, and reciprocate their perceptions accordingly in their own commitment toward the organization (Whitener, 2001). Portugal...

.../approach This is a quantitative study using supervisor and subordinate dyads from Portugal. Findings Supervisors reported that receptivity, availability, and discreteness were perceived to be more important in building a quality vertical dyad linkage as represented by LMX. Subordinates reported...

... and Portugal and to describe connections between this research and the main trends in the international scene. Design/methodology/approach Since the 1990s, new occupational and organizational realities have deepened scientific interest in work teams in both Spain and Portugal. A range of recently published...

... of the individual experiences of a sample of managers located in Portugal. Portugal, together with the other Southern‐European cultures, has been presented as a polychronic culture. The Southern, polychronic timeframe, however is being openly criticized by managers, both Portuguese and foreign, on the basis...