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Starting life in 1898 as an acetylene torch manufacturer the West German company Keller und Knappich, Augsburg (KUKA) has grown to one of Europe's largest manufacturers of factory automation equipment. Turnover in 1985 reached DM425 million, almost 50% of the turnover of the whole of IWKA (Industrie‐Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg), the group formed in 1970 following the merger of KUKA with IWK.

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