...Sema Ekincek; Ali Ekincek Purpose This study examines technological transformation in tourism through smart tourism, Hospitality 4.0 and creative tourism, and develops a context-sensitive Smart–Creative Integration Framework for Kazakhstan. Despite its strong natural and cultural tourism potential...

.../approach This paper uses a practical and empirical approach, based on readings and conversations with international stakeholders, and contrasted with the Creative Tourism Network’s background. Findings This paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the tourism industry, human values...