In the 50 years since the first ground anchors were used in Japan, the anchors have been used for various purposes in at least 30,000 projects. Some anchors constructed in early times have aged and lost their performance, resulting in slope deformation and exposure of broken anchor heads.

Various integrity investigation techniques and remedial measures have been proposed but have not been systematically organized. It has also been observed that precious data on inspections and measures taken are scattered, and the lack of a system and data have impeded the efficient maintenance of anchor structures.

As a consequence, establishment of an efficient and rational maintenance scheme for existing anchors was deemed necessary. This paper describes the efforts in Japan to improve maintenance of anchors by publication of a new manual for ground anchor inspection, integrity investigation and remedial measures.

  • Introduction

  • Background of study

  • Manual for ground anchor inspection, integrity investigation and remedial measures

  • Inspection of anchors

  • Integrity investigation of anchors

  • Remedial measures

  • Training engineers involved in maintenance

  • Conclusions

  • Acknowledgement

  • References

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