.... In the literature, students’ performance (Hooshyar et al., 2020) is also referred to as academic performance (Richardson et al., 2012), school performance (Soares and Alves, 2013), educational performance, cognitive performance (Soares, 2007) or the students’ proficiency. It is a multidimensional...

... with teaching quality/institution). It contained three items for each construct. Students’ performance was assessed by using, for example, self-reporting scale of Buriel et al. (1998) . They used one item scale to see student performance in their respective grades, its item was “I usually get grades...