..., this study proposes that factors not yet addressed in studies on school performance, such as trust in the educational institution, a factor involving parents or guardians (family) and the school may also influence students’ performance. We also propose that spirituality intersects with the motivational...

... with teaching quality/institution). It contained three items for each construct. Students’ performance was assessed by using, for example, self-reporting scale of Buriel et al. (1998) . They used one item scale to see student performance in their respective grades, its item was “I usually get grades...