...Jayanti S. Sothinathan; Donnie Adams; Norfariza Mohd Radzi Purpose Middle leadership is difficult to define and fathom as these roles are fluid, adapting to the context of individual schools. However, little is known about the relationships among middle leadership, teacher commitment and job...

... more indirect than direct effects on teacher commitment through collective teacher efficacy. That is, teacher leadership practices positively affect teachers’ efficacy beliefs, which, in turn, increase their sense of commitment to school. Originality/value The study adds a new aspect...

...Lei Mee Thien; Igusti Ngurah Darmawan; Donnie Adams Purpose This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect relationships among principal instructional leadership, collective teacher efficacy, and teacher commitment using multilevel analysis. Design/methodology/approach This study...

... of teacher commitment. Findings The analysis of the data reveals that teacher commitment mediates the relationship between the independent variables and student achievement. Practical implications This study has implications for the education management and policy community in the sense...