... Developing Countries Trade Restrictions Underdeveloped Economies The author wishes to thank the reviewers and the IMR editors for their helpful comments and suggestions. 16 DETERMINANTS OF LDC MANDATED COUNTERTRADE Sam C. Okoroafo, University of Toledo, Toledo Ohio, USA This article has...

... their “applicability”. However, the results suggest that corporate factors influence the performance of marketing‐mix activities. © MCB UP Limited 1988 Marketing Mix Underdeveloped Economies 41 APPLICABILITY OF MARKETING KNOWHOW IN THE THIRD WORLD Ishmael P. Akaah and Edward A. Riordan, both...

... Marketing Underdeveloped Economies 56 MARKETING TO LDC GOVERNMENTS Mushtaq Luqmani, Western Michigan University, Ghazi M. Habib, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia, and Sami Kassem, University of Toledo. The complex environments of less developed countries (LDCs) have contributed...

... product management philosophy. © MCB UP Limited 1988 Product Policy Underdeveloped Economies 31 DEVELOPING A DEFENSIVE PRODUCT MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY FOR THIRD WORLD MARKETS Donald G. Howard, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, Michael A. Mayo, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio...