... depicts varieties of contracting practices, namely, no formal contract, improvisational, normative, and formal contractual arrangements and underlines the context in which each approach applies. Research limitations/implications Similar to most studies in this area, the dissection of contracting...

...Dong Liu; Yongchuan Bao; Guocai Wang Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how formal contracts affect alliance innovation performance. To understand the mechanism underlying the impact, this study tests whether relationship learning mediates the impact of formal contracts on alliance...