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Purpose

To explore how Arab school principals in Israel perceived and enacted their leadership roles during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews to evaluate the perspectives of 46 principals overseeing Arab public elementary, middle and high schools in Israel.

Findings

Three key themes were revealed: caring leadership (emotional well-being, mental health and relational trust), supportive leadership (practical, emotional and resource-based support) and social justice leadership (community aid, socioeconomic support and ensuring teacher and student safety).

Practical implications

Ongoing training for principals in emotional intelligence and crisis leadership and management, alongside structured support for teachers, will enhance resilience and effectiveness in schools, particularly in low socioeconomic contexts, facing future unexpected crises.

Social implications

Principals’ caring, supportive, and social justice leadership strengthens social and emotional ties within communities, promotes support systems during crises and enables schools to serve as community centers, enhancing welfare and reducing social disparities.

Originality/value

This study makes a unique contribution to the limited body of research on the functioning of school principals as agents of social justice and caring and supportive leaders during crises within the minority Arab society in Israel.

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