.... These models are analyzed under centralized, Stackelberg and Nash scenarios, utilizing numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis to evaluate the outcomes. Findings The results show that improving recycling efficiency enhances both environmental outcomes and profitability. Strategic trade credit terms...

... of this paper is to (1) explore the impact of consumers’ religious orientation on motivation and commitment toward recycling; (2) examine the impact of economic motivation, commitment and love for nature toward intention to recycle; (3) investigate the mediating effect of motivation, commitment and love...